Type 2 diabetes

What happens in the body?

Insulin helps sugar enter the cells

Diagram of insulin, glucose and a muscle cell — Sugar (glucose), insulin and a muscle cell

Sugar from food provides energy. Insulin helps move it from the blood into the body's cells.

The cells respond less effectively

In type 2 diabetes, insulin no longer works well enough. This is called insulin resistance. Blood glucose rises.

Normal insulin action at the body cell — Normal insulin action

Reduced insulin action at the body cell — Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes

Several factors work together

Man in the Tiergarten with symbols for genetic predisposition, age, physical activity and body weight — Genetic predisposition · Age · Physical activity · Body weight

Genetic predisposition, age, physical activity and body weight can play a role. Insulin production may also decline later.

Diabetes often goes unnoticed for a long time

Thirst and medical assessment for diabetes — Thirst · Frequent urination · Fatigue

Possible signs include thirst, frequent urination and fatigue. A blood test determines whether diabetes is present.

Treatment

Eat a balanced diet

Man with a plate of salad and a glass of water

Vegetables, whole grains and appropriate portions help. Water instead of sugary drinks is a good choice.

Be physically active regularly

Physical activity with walking poles and strength exercises

Walking, cycling and strength exercises help the body use insulin more effectively. If you are overweight, losing weight can help.

Choosing appropriate medicines

Tablets or injections may be necessary. Sometimes insulin is also needed. Treatment is tailored to your situation together with you.

Regular checks protect your health

Blood pressure check and symbols for eyes, kidneys and feet

Keep track of blood glucose, blood pressure and blood lipids. Have regular eye, kidney and foot checks, as well as laboratory tests. Diabetes education helps in everyday life.

The images are illustrations and do not show treatment outcomes in real people. This information does not replace individual medical advice; treatment is tailored to your situation.

Treatment and regular checks

The illustrations explain insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. They cover diet, physical activity, weight loss, medicines and checks of blood glucose, blood pressure, eyes, kidneys, feet and laboratory values.

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